![]() ![]() However, other pieces of software that used these values for course corrections expected them to be recorded in the SI units of newton-seconds (N-s), as dictated in the software interface protocols. Subsequent investigations showed a piece of software called SM_FORCES (or “small forces”) was recording thruster performance data in the English units of pound-seconds (lb-s). On September 23, 1999, while attempting to guide the probe into its planned orbit around Mars, NASA lost contact with it. This probe was launched by NASA on December 11, 1998. One famous example of this situation was seen with the Mars Climate Orbiter. Unit conversions may not seem very interesting, but not doing them can be costly. Average speed and other motion concepts are covered in later chapters.) In equation form, (Take this definition as a given for now. Average speed is distance traveled divided by time of travel. We also want to convert minutes to seconds, so we use the conversion of 60 s in 1 min. ![]() In this case, we want to convert miles to meters, so we need to know the fact that there are 1609 m in 1 mi. The correct conversion factors are those that cancel the unwanted units and leave the desired units in their place. ( Note: Average speed is distance traveled divided by time of travel.) Strategyįirst we calculate the average speed using the given units, then we can get the average speed into the desired units by picking the correct conversion factors and multiplying by them. Calculate the average speed in meters per second (m/s). The distance from the university to home is 10 mi and it usually takes 20 min to drive this distance. We write the units we have and then multiply them by the conversion factor so the units cancel out, as shown:Įxample Converting Nonmetric Units to Metric In this case, we know that there are 1000 m in 1 km. Refer to Appendix B for a more complete list of conversion factors. in 1 ft, 1609 m in 1 mi, 100 cm in 1 m, 60 s in 1 min, and so on. ![]() A conversion factor is a ratio that expresses how many of one unit are equal to another unit. Next, we need to determine a conversion factor relating meters to kilometers. In this case, we have units in meters and we want to convert to kilometers. The first thing to do is to list the units you have and the units to which you want to convert. Suppose we want to convert 80 m to kilometers. Let’s consider a simple example of how to convert units. In this case, you may need to convert units of feet or meters to miles. Or perhaps you are reading walking directions from one location to another and you are interested in how many miles you will be walking. For example, if you are reading a European cookbook, some quantities may be expressed in units of liters and you need to convert them to cups. It is often necessary to convert from one unit to another. Use conversion factors to express the value of a given quantity in different units.By the end of this section, you will be able to: ![]()
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